Size has always been of particular importance to people. Even when it comes to such things as, for example, word length.
Our ranking of the longest words in Russian can be useful and interesting for both adults and schoolchildren who want to impress teachers with their erudition.
Who loves words longer
The everyday words that we use every day are relatively short. They rarely exceed five letters in length. In literary Russian speech, namely in works of art, the words are already a little more - up to six letters.
Newspapers and editors of news sites love words that are long and formal. The average word length in a news article is already seven letters.
But most of all, long words are loved by professionals in their field who write dissertations, publish in scientific journals and compose textbooks. A seven-letter word in scientific and business literature is commonplace, while most have 8 or more.
The longest Russian words that are used most often
- According to the dictionaries of the Russian language, among the long words, the adjective “private business"- 25 letters.
- Among the verbs, borrowings from the English language are often found, overgrown with affixes in the Russian way. For instance, "become substantial"And"internationalize". Both words contain 24 letters.
- But nouns are more likely from the field of fiction of the 19th century. For instance, "excellency"(Also 24 letters).
- But even interjections (“ahi” and “ohi”) can grow - the longest word in this category has 14 letters, not counting the hyphen: “gym-hello».
Ways that you can create the longest words in the world in Russian
New words in Russian are most often formed in a morphological way. That is, from a combination of morphemes (the smallest unit of word formation, each of which has its own semantic connotation), a new meaning is born.
For example, "Litvin" = "Lithuania" + "-in", where the last morpheme (aka suffix) indicates territorial affiliation, place of residence.
Usually you cannot build long words on this principle (there is not enough material). However, it is possible to break all records by using the prefix "pra-". The number of its use in the Russian language is unlimited and often creates a comic effect, which is what people in the books like to use. What is the first thing to do when you go back a number of years and meet your own ancestor? Of course, calculate the degree of kinship to the last generation! This is how "great-great-great-great-... grandfathers", Theoretically stretched to one hundred or more letters.
Pure addition
The languages of the Germanic group are considered to be one of the champions in this method of word formation. In them, the stems of words, like a magnet, are attracted to each other, stick together into snake-like formations, and they do not even need affixes.
Of course, before the sung in one of Mark Twain's stories “shrattertrottelhottentotenmutttherattenteter»Russian is far away. Polybasic words in it are relatively rare and are perceived rather as a deviation from the norm. Most of them are born in professional fields, mainly in chemistry.
- It is there that multi-letter giants are born, like “methoxychlorodiethylaminomethylbutylaminoacridine". As many as 44 letters, and all pure stems, not a single connecting vowel or affix!
- It is not surprising that scientists-chemists prefer to use another, much shorter name for this substance in everyday life - "akrikhin".
- And in chemical science there is also “tetrahydropyranylcyclopentyltetrahydropyridopyridine"(51 letters),"hydrazinocarbonylmethyl bromophenyldihydrobenzdiazepine"(50 letters) and so on.
- But the longest "chemical" word breaks all possible world records. It is the longest protein known in science and has a corresponding name. In him the largest number letters - 189 819. Yes, this is not a typo. Those interested can even try to read it in person by typing "titin" in a search engine.
Interfix basics
Interfix is the scientific name for the connecting letter "o" or "e", which is studied in school. Due to the interfix between the stems for euphony, a vowel appears, making monsters like “water mud, paraffin-paraffin treatment"(29 letters) are easier to pronounce.
Adding with an affix way
And if you add a suffix or a prefix to the stem and use a generous hand to throw in other roots, even a simple word "look" can grow to unprecedented levels. For instance, "superb discerning»: Two prefixes, several suffixes, three roots - and the result stretched as much as 35 letters. By the way, it was this word that was included in the 2003 Guinness Book of Records.
Among the long words formed by the affix method, adjectives are in the lead. But even against their background, derivatives of numerals stand out, for example, “eighty-four"(25 letters) and came from the military vocabulary"four hundred and fifty seven millimeter"(37 letters) tool.
Similarly, you can form adjectives from any other arbitrarily chosen numeral. So the answer to the question: "What is the longest word in Russian?" in this case only the imagination of the reader can give.
Abbreviation
Among the longest Russian words there may be an abbreviation, the longest of which has 56 letters. This is a research laboratory for concrete reinforcement operations and reinforced concrete works for the construction of precast monolithic and monolithic structures of the technology department of the construction and installation department of the USSR Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture. In short, it sounds like NIIOMTPLABOPARMBETZHELBETRABSBORMONIMONKONOTDTECHSTROMONT (56 letters).
However, the Russian language is not ahead of the planet in terms of the average length of words, but occupies an intermediate position between Chinese and languages of the agglutant type, for example, Quechua. In them, new words are formed by simple aggregation of morphemes and theoretically can reach unprecedented length.
For example, the largest word in this type of language (Hungarian) is 119 letters long. It is impossible to translate it into Russian in one word, a whole sentence is required here: "Regarding your research on the modernization of the manifestations of neurosis syndrome and the need to decide which is the longest and most complex word that can set a world record".