Crisis is the best time for changes in economic strategy... Energy is no longer Russia's main source of income. It is necessary to develop domestic production, especially in industries traditionally dependent on imports. For example, the share of imports in Russian machine building (especially machine tool building) reaches 60-80%, in oil and gas equipment - up to 70%, pharmaceuticals - up to 70-80%, and in the electronic and light industry reaches 90%. Unfortunately, it is impossible to quickly solve this problem: import substitution is a long and complicated process. However, the first signs of future changes have already appeared.
We present to your attention five of the best examples of import substitution in Russia in 2014-2015.
5. Oil and gas industry and oil engineering
One of the new projects of Rosneft is the new Zvezda production complex, which is creating a shipbuilding base. Russian Factoring Company together with Surgutneftegaz is engaged in the construction of hydraulic fracturing equipment. Uralmash is developing a drive system for drilling rigs. Perm Machine-Building Company is testing a new complex of rotary controlled system.
Responsibly, OJSC Gazprom approached the need for import substitution: it imposed a ban on the purchase of foreign equipment for all of its divisions. In addition, the company has created a register of imported equipment used so that any engineering company wishing to develop a new market knows what the request is. OAO Gazprom is ready to test test samples live and, if successful, immediately purchase them.
4. Agricultural engineering
The Tractor Plants Concern has invested 700 million rubles in the creation of wheeled tractors with an automatic control system. The potential demand for such tractors by 2020 is about 160 units. It is planned that the profit by this time will amount to 1.2 billion rubles.
3. Military industry
The import substitution rating includes a program for the development of strategic nuclear forces, which refused to participate in manufacturers from Ukraine. Now the Topol-M, Yars, and Bulava missile systems are made entirely of domestically produced components. The new Sarmat missile has already gone into production. There also appeared its own air-to-air missiles, and the powerfulRussian army began to receive the electronic warfare complexes "Moscow-1", created with the latest technology.
2. Software
Companies "1C" and Acronis are engaged in the production of software and successfully withstand many years of competition with foreign manufacturers. ERP-system "1C: Enterprise" successfully competes with Microsoft, SAP and Oracle. At present, 1C has 30% of the Russian ERP market in money. The number of 1C installations in the Russian Federation is higher than that of SAP worldwide.
1. Agricultural and dairy products
Import substitution contributes to an increase in the share of domestic production - especially in such industries as pig breeding, poultry farming, production of cheese, butter and partly herring.According to the mayor of Moscow, 90% of the dairy market in the city is already occupied by domestic products.
But, unfortunately, many manufacturers in pursuit of a long ruble fill store shelves with counterfeit products. For example, according to Rosstat, the import of palm oil and its derivatives to Russia has grown to 260 thousand tons; it is used for the production of cheap and low-grade dairy products.
The best example of import substitution in the market, using only domestic raw materials in production - "Lianozovsky Dairy Plant". The plant recently launched a new workshop, which began to process whey obtained in the process of making dairy products into dry whey (it is used in the bakery, confectionery and meat industries). 7.5 million euros were invested in the workshop, of which about a third was invested in Russian-made equipment. The plant also opened a new packaging line and invested 21 million in the production of containers for milk filling.